Distribution of the species
The commonest forest owl of Paggaio. The local population is smaller than the 2% of the national population (10,000–20,000 pairs). The conservation status of the local population, which is not isolated within its wider distribution range, is considered from good to excellent. Occurs in all local forests with mature trees. Also in agroforestry areas of lower altitudes with mature trees, mainly riparian forests.
Description of the species (biological and ecological features)
Medium-sized owl. With short, broad and rounded wings and a large round head. Female birds are larger than males. Color varies, from red brown to grey brown. Its big round and very dark eyes resemble empty cavities. Its looks, combined with its eerie, rough and sad call, have led to a mythical association of the species with bad luck and death.
Resident of Paggaio. Occurs mainly in mature broadleaved forests, but also in mixed broadleaved-conifer or conifer forests, often close to human settlements. Mates for life and nests in tree holes. Aggressive nest defender, especially in the nestling stage, attacks the intruder directly on the head with its strong sharp talons. Lurks for prey from suitable posts. Its acute vision and noiseless flight allow for ambushing prey. Feeds mainly on forest rodents, also with other mammals up to the size of a rabbit, birds, amphibians, insects and other invertebrates. In urban areas consumes mainly birds, including ducks and gulls. Swallows whole prey and regurgitates undigested remains – hair, feathers, bones – as pellets.
Potential loss of mature trees, used for nesting, is one of the most important threats for the species. Forest fires could also significantly reduce the availability of suitable habitat. The use of pesticides and electrocution by power lines are potentials threat for the species, mainly at lower altitudes near human settlements.
Conservation status
Least Concern.
Conservation state
Protected under the Bern Convention (Appendix II). Listed as Least Concern in Greece and in Europe, by the Greek Red Data Book and the IUCN correspondingly. Not included in a SPEC category (European species of conservation concern) by BirdLife International. Protected under the CITES Convention (Appendix II).