Distribution of the species
Common in Paggaio with an estimated population of at least 10 pairs, that is smaller than the 2% of the national population of 4,000 to 8,000 pairs. The conservation status of the local population, which is not isolated within its wider distribution range, is considered excellent. Present in most of the area, from lower to higher altitudes. Uses a variety of habitats, mostly agroforestry areas, forests with clearings and open subalpine areas.
Description of the species (biological and ecological features)
Medium-sized diurnal raptor, the commonest in both Greece and Europe. Usually brown, although with many color variations, from dark brown to paler, almost white. A pale zone separates upper breast from belly, with dark comm-like patches in the carpal area of the wing’s underside. Flight mostly in fast wing beats, with the short broad wings held bended in the carpal area. Often scans the surroundings for prey from an elevated perch; trees, poles, fences.
Brreds in the forests of Paggaio. Makes its bulky, made of tree branches, nests high in trees neighboring to open areas, rarely in rocks and even rarer on the ground. Roaming over open areas of lower altitudes, such as meadows, farmland, wetlands, outside the breeding season. Feeds mostly on small mammals, mainly rodents. Will also take small birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects and other invertebrates. Less often will consume carrion or larger birds and mammals, a steal from other birds of prey.
Habitat degradation due to the abandonment of traditional practices and land use, including extensive farming, might lead to reduced feeding habitat availability. Other threats are the logging of mature trees that reduces the availability of potential nest sites, forest fires and poaching. Illegal poison baiting intended for “mammal pests” and the use of agrochemicals in agriculture might reduce the local population. Potential future development of wind parks is also a threat for the species.
Conservation status
Least Concern.
Conservation state
Protected under the the Bern (Appendix II) and Bonn Conventions (Appendix II). Listed as Least Concern in Greece and in Europe, by the Greek Red Data Book and the IUCN correspondingly. Not included in a SPEC category (European species of conservation concern) by BirdLife International. Protected under the CITES Convention (Appendix II).